Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

38.5K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
38.5K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

3.0K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
3.0K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.8K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.8K
pH Regulation in Cells01:28

pH Regulation in Cells

7.6K
pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
7.6K
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

9.8K
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
9.8K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

8.8K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
8.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Regulation of T Cell Senescence in Health and Diseases.

Immune network·2026
Same author

Dietary fiber selectively regulates intestinal persistence of probiotic bifidobacteria.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Genetic polymorphism and natural selection of merozoite surface protein 1 C-terminal 42 kDa in Vietnamese Plasmodium vivax isolates.

Acta tropica·2026
Same author

Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rc Exhibit Anti-Amoebic Activities Against <i>Naegleria fowleri</i>, the Etiological Agent of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Genetic polymorphism and natural selection of apical membrane antigen-1 in Plasmodium malariae isolated from Vietnam.

BMC infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Liver Stiffness Directs Intrahepatic Cholesterol Accumulation Through YAP/TAZ in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

An In Vivo Mouse Model to Measure Na&#239;ve CD4 T Cell Activation, Proliferation and Th1 Differentiation Induced by Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells
08:39

An In Vivo Mouse Model to Measure Naïve CD4 T Cell Activation, Proliferation and Th1 Differentiation Induced by Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: August 22, 2018

20.5K

Enhanced Rg3 negatively regulates Th1 cell responses.

Minkyoung Cho1, Garam Choi1,2, Inbo Shim1

  • 1Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Ginseng Research
|January 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Korean Red Ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rg3 inhibit Th1 cell responses. Enhanced Rg3 suppresses Th1 cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo, offering potential for treating Th1-related diseases.

Keywords:
Enhanced Rg3IFNγIL-12Korean Red Ginseng extractTh1

More Related Videos

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

6.9K
Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines
10:46

Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines

Published on: June 2, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

An In Vivo Mouse Model to Measure Na&#239;ve CD4 T Cell Activation, Proliferation and Th1 Differentiation Induced by Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells
08:39

An In Vivo Mouse Model to Measure Naïve CD4 T Cell Activation, Proliferation and Th1 Differentiation Induced by Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: August 22, 2018

20.5K
Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

6.9K
Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines
10:46

Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines

Published on: June 2, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is recognized for immune modulation.
  • Ginsenoside Rg3, a KRG component, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.
  • The impact of KRG and Rg3 on helper T cell (Th1) responses requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of KRG extract (KRGE) and ginsenoside Rg3 on Th1 cell responses.
  • To explore the potential of enhanced Rg3 in modulating Th1 cell differentiation and gut-associated Th1 responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in vitro T cell differentiation systems to assess KRGE and enhanced Rg3 effects on dendritic cells (DCs) and naive CD4+ T cells.
  • Quantified Th1-inducing cytokine production and Th1 cell differentiation using flow cytometry, ELISA, and qPCR.
  • Investigated in vivo effects of enhanced Rg3 on Th1 cell populations in the gut.

Main Results:

  • KRGE significantly inhibited IL-12 production from DCs and subsequent Th1 differentiation.
  • Enhanced Rg3 suppressed interferon gamma (IFNγ) and T-bet expression in Th1-skewed T cells.
  • Oral administration of enhanced Rg3 reduced Th1 cell frequency in the Peyer's patch and lamina propria.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced Rg3 demonstrates a negative regulatory effect on Th1 cell differentiation in vitro.
  • Enhanced Rg3 suppresses Th1 cell responses in the gut in vivo.
  • These findings provide a basis for using enhanced Rg3 to manage Th1-related diseases.