Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Lateralization

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...

Functional Groups

Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...

Functional Groups

Functional Groups

Functionalism

Functionalism

William James, John Dewey, and Charles Sanders Peirce were instrumental in founding functional psychology, which draws heavily from Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory suggests that individual traits, including behaviors, are adapted to their environments through natural selection. At the heart of functionalism is the concept of adaptation, meaning that a trait enhances an individual's chances of survival and reproduction.
James envisioned psychology's...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy-associated tremor: Phenotype and pathogenesis.

European journal of neurology·2023

Same author

Multiple pathways of lipid dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Brain communications·2023

Same author

Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Single motor unit matrix.

Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·2022

Same author

Riluzole is associated with decreasing neuritic plaque severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2022

Same author

Progress, development, and challenges in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical trials.

Expert review of neurotherapeutics·2022

Same author

Distinct hypothalamic involvement in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia spectrum.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: October 13, 2016

Functional Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

William Huynh^1,2, Thanuja Dharmadasa¹, Steve Vucic³

¹Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Frontiers in Neurology

|January 22, 2019

Summary

Diagnosing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is challenging due to mixed motor neuron signs. This review explores novel, non-invasive electrophysiological techniques as potential biomarkers for assessing upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) dysfunction in ALS patients.

Keywords:

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cortical excitability motor neuron disease neurophysiological biomarkers transcranial magnetic stimulation

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Motor Impairment in C. elegans Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Evaluation of Motor Impairment in C. elegans Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: September 2, 2021

Use of Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassay to Search for Potential Biomarkers of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Human Platelets

Use of Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassay to Search for Potential Biomarkers of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Human Platelets

Published on: February 10, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: October 13, 2016

Evaluation of Motor Impairment in C. elegans Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Evaluation of Motor Impairment in C. elegans Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: September 2, 2021

Use of Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassay to Search for Potential Biomarkers of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Human Platelets

Use of Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassay to Search for Potential Biomarkers of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Human Platelets

Published on: February 10, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurology
Biomarkers

Background:

Clinical diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) depends on identifying progressive dysfunction in cortical, spinal, and bulbar motor neurons.
Clinical heterogeneity in ALS, stemming from variable upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) signs, often leads to diagnostic delays and challenges in monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy, especially in clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of novel, non-invasive electrophysiological techniques for assessing UMN and LMN dysfunction in ALS.
To highlight the potential of these techniques as biomarkers for improved diagnosis and monitoring of ALS.

Main Methods:

Review of recently developed non-invasive electrophysiological techniques.
Focus on techniques applicable to assessing both UMN and LMN function.

Main Results:

Emerging non-invasive electrophysiological methods show promise as biomarkers.
These techniques offer potential for objective assessment of motor neuron integrity in ALS.

Conclusions:

Novel non-invasive electrophysiological techniques represent a significant advancement in ALS research.
These methods may overcome current diagnostic and monitoring limitations, facilitating better patient management and clinical trial design for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.