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Fingering instabilities in tissue invasion: an active fluid model.

Michał J Bogdan1, Thierry Savin1

  • 1Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Royal Society Open Science
|January 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a minimalist fluid model explaining how self-propelled, growing tumors invade surrounding tissues through finger-like protrusions. The model predicts tumor metastasis onset and invasive finger formation based on mechanical factors.

Keywords:
active fluidsfingering instabilitiesmetastasistissue invasion

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Metastatic tumors invade adjacent tissues via multicellular, finger-like protrusions.
  • Understanding the mechanical forces driving tumor invasion is crucial for cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a minimalist fluid model for self-propelled, growing biological tissues.
  • To analyze the mechanical context behind tumor invasion and fingering instabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a minimalist fluid model with four mechanical parameters.
  • Analytical tracking of the model in various settings.
  • Simulation of a 2D circular droplet of active, expanding fluid in a passive tissue.

Main Results:

  • The model explains the propensity of tumor tissues to exhibit fingering instabilities.
  • Instability is conditioned by active traction magnitude and growth kinetics.
  • Predictions are derived for tumor size at metastasis onset and invasive finger number.

Conclusions:

  • The active fluid model provides insights into tumor metastasis mechanisms.
  • The model can potentially describe other biological processes like wound healing and developmental patterning.