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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy01:16

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Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
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Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence
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ARDS from miliary tuberculosis successfully treated with ECMO.

Edda Vesteinsdottir1, Gunnar Myrdal2, Kristinn O Sverrisson1

  • 1Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports
|January 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can facilitate healing in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by tuberculosis. This case demonstrates prolonged ECMO therapy is feasible for extensive lung damage, expanding its therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)Antitubercular agentsCritical careExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)Tuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), associated with high mortality in mechanically ventilated patients.
  • Experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for TB-induced ARDS is limited, highlighting a gap in clinical knowledge.

Observation:

  • A challenging case of miliary tuberculosis in an 18-year-old male presented with extensive lung damage requiring mechanical ventilation.
  • Diagnosis of tuberculosis was difficult, and achieving adequate anti-tuberculosis drug levels during ECMO posed significant challenges.

Findings:

  • Prolonged (50-day) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy enabled the patient's extensive lung damage from miliary tuberculosis to heal.
  • Long-term ECMO treatment was successfully managed without severe complications, indicating its potential for extended use.

Implications:

  • This case expands the recognized indications for ECMO, showcasing its utility in complex respiratory failure scenarios.
  • The successful management underscores the possibility of long-term ECMO therapy, even in resource-intensive situations like severe tuberculosis.
  • It highlights the critical need for vigilance in diagnosing TB and optimizing drug delivery in patients undergoing ECMO.