Analysis of two trephined skulls from Schleswig-Holstein, dating to the Middle Neolithic Age.
One skull originates from a stone grave in Nebel, Amrum; the other is unprovenanced.
Comparison with trephinations from Bremen (Domsdüne) and Spanish skulls.
Purpose:
To document and analyze trephination practices and associated epigenetic traits in the Neolithic.
To identify pathological changes and unique cranial features in the studied specimens.
To contribute to the understanding of prehistoric surgical techniques and population variations.
Summary:
Two trephined skulls from Schleswig-Holstein, Middle Neolithic Age, exhibit circular trepanations and unique features like frontal bone grooves (sulci arteriosi/nervi).
Epigenetic traits include sutural ossicles, orbital notches, supraorbital foramina, and molar aplasia.
Pathological findings comprise frontal sinus hypoplasia and molar alveoli changes.
Impact:
Provides evidence of trepanation in Neolithic Northern Europe, expanding geographical knowledge of the practice.
Highlights the presence of specific epigenetic traits and pathological conditions in a prehistoric population.
Offers insights into the diversity of cranial modifications and health conditions during the Middle Neolithic period.