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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing02:41

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

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Structure and function of an ectopic Polycomb chromatin domain.

Sandip De1, Yuzhong Cheng1, Ming-An Sun1

  • 1Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Science Advances
|January 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Polycomb group response elements (PREs) are not essential for Polycomb domain stability at endogenous loci. However, their function is crucial when the Polycomb domain is moved to new chromatin contexts.

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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

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Related Experiment Videos

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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Polycomb group proteins (PcGs) establish and maintain gene silencing through the formation of large chromatin domains.
  • In Drosophila, Polycomb group response elements (PREs) are DNA sequences that recruit PcGs to specific genomic locations.
  • The stability and function of Polycomb domains are thought to be influenced by both PREs and their surrounding chromatin environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PREs in Polycomb domain structure and function when their genomic context is altered.
  • To determine if the endogenous chromosomal location provides stability to Polycomb domains, independent of strong PREs.
  • To analyze how changes in chromatin context affect the spreading of the H3K27me3 repressive mark and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of a 79-kb engrailed (en) transgene containing the invected-engrailed (inv-en) Polycomb domain.
  • Insertion of the transgene into various chromosomal locations in Drosophila.
  • Deletion of strong, constitutive PREs from the transgene.
  • Analysis of Polycomb domain formation, H3K27me3 spreading, and gene expression (loss- and gain-of-function phenotypes).

Main Results:

  • The 79-kb en transgene formed a functional Polycomb domain at new locations.
  • The spreading of the H3K27me3 mark varied depending on the transgene's chromatin context.
  • Deletion of PREs from the transgene in new locations resulted in loss- and gain-of-function phenotypes, unlike at the endogenous locus.

Conclusions:

  • Endogenous chromosomal location confers stability to Polycomb domains, making strong PREs dispensable.
  • Chromatin context significantly influences the structure, function, and epigenetic regulation of Polycomb domains.
  • PREs play a critical role in maintaining Polycomb domain integrity and function when the genomic context is altered.