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Resistivity

Resistivity

When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:

Resistance

Resistance

When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...

Equivalent Resistance

Equivalent Resistance

In circuit analysis, situations often arise where resistors are neither in series nor parallel configurations. To tackle such scenarios, three-terminal equivalent networks like the wye (Y) (Figure 1 (a)) or tee (T) and delta (Δ) (Figure 1 (b)) or pi (π) networks come into play. These networks offer versatile solutions and are frequently encountered in various applications, including three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks.

Resistance and Conductance

Resistance and Conductance

A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
Various factors impact the resistance of a conductor. Spiraling in stranded conductors increases their...

Rolling Resistance

Rolling Resistance

When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...

Vascular Resistance

Vascular Resistance

Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Separation of Plasmodium falciparum Late Stage-infected Erythrocytes by Magnetic Means

Separation of Plasmodium falciparum Late Stage-infected Erythrocytes by Magnetic Means

Published on: March 2, 2013

Plasmodium falciparum: Multidrug resistance.

Subhashree Rout¹, Rajani Kanta Mahapatra¹

¹School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Chemical Biology & Drug Design

|January 22, 2019

Summary

Malaria drug resistance is a growing problem, necessitating new antimalarial drugs and novel drug targets. This review examines resistance to current treatments and explores future therapeutic strategies against Plasmodium parasites.

Keywords:

antimalarial drugs artemisinin drug resistance drug target hypothetical proteins

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Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Separation of Plasmodium falciparum Late Stage-infected Erythrocytes by Magnetic Means

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Published on: March 2, 2013

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

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High Yield Purification of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites For Use in Opsonizing Antibody Assays

High Yield Purification of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites For Use in Opsonizing Antibody Assays

Published on: July 17, 2014

Area of Science:

Tropical Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Parasitology

Background:

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a major global health threat, particularly severe with Plasmodium falciparum.
Approved antimalarial drugs include quinolines, naphthoquinones, antifolates, 8-aminoquinolines, and endoperoxides, forming first-line treatments in endemic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the emergence of multidrug resistance in malaria.
To discuss the development of new antimalarial drugs to overcome resistance.
To identify potential novel drug targets for future malaria therapies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing antimalarial drugs and resistance mechanisms.
Analysis of current trends in antimalarial drug development.
Identification and discussion of essential proteins as potential drug targets.

Main Results:

Increasing resistance to artemisinin and combination therapies is compromising malaria prophylaxis.
Development of new antimalarial drugs is crucial to combat rising drug resistance.
Several essential Plasmodium proteins show promise as novel drug targets.

Conclusions:

Multidrug resistance poses a significant challenge to malaria control efforts.
Novel antimalarial therapies and drug targets are urgently needed to combat resistance.
Targeting essential proteins offers a promising avenue for future malaria treatment strategies.