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Measuring and Predicting Individual Differences in Executive Functions at 14 Months: A Longitudinal Study

Rory T Devine1, Andrew Ribner2, Claire Hughes3

  • 1University of Birmingham.

Child Development
|January 22, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Infant attention and response inhibition at 4 months predict executive function (EF) skills at 14 months. These foundational skills are crucial for developing more complex cognitive abilities in early childhood.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) is critical for cognitive and social development.
  • Understanding early predictors of EF is essential for timely interventions.
  • Few studies have examined EF development and its predictors in infancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between and infant predictors of executive function (EF) at 14 months.
  • To explore the cohesion among different EF tasks in infancy.
  • To identify early cognitive skills that predict later EF development.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 195 infants (108 boys) assessed at 4 and 14 months.
  • Utilized standardized tasks to measure executive function (EF) components at 14 months.
  • Assessed infant attention and parent-rated temperament at 4 months as potential predictors.

Main Results:

  • Infants demonstrated high compliance with EF tasks at 14 months.
  • Little cohesion was found among EF tasks, but response inhibition related to two other EF tasks.
  • Infant attention at 4 months predicted performance on two EF tasks at 14 months; temperament did not.

Conclusions:

  • Early attention and response inhibition skills are foundational for developing executive function (EF).
  • EF skills emerge from simpler, component cognitive abilities in infancy.
  • Targeting attention and inhibition in early interventions may support EF development.

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