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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Published on: January 19, 2014

ATYPICAL MACULAR HOLES.

Devesh Kumawat¹, Pradeep Venkatesh, Anand S Brar

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)

|January 22, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Atypical macular holes (MHs) stem from other eye conditions or treatments. Their visual prognosis hinges on the underlying cause and MH characteristics, with outcomes improving as understanding and treatments advance.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Retinal Diseases
Macular Disorders

Background:

Atypical macular holes (MHs) are distinct from idiopathic, myopic, or traumatic types.
They often arise secondary to other ocular conditions like dystrophies, degenerations, or infections, or following laser/surgical procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causes, clinical presentation, treatment options, and visual outcomes of diverse atypical macular hole (MH) types.
To differentiate atypical MHs from common forms and understand their unique etiopathogenesis.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
The review focused on the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, management strategies, and outcomes of secondary or atypical MHs, excluding idiopathic, myopic, and traumatic cases.

Main Results:

Atypical MHs result from concurrent ocular pathologies or interventions, driven by factors like vitreofoveal traction or cystoid degeneration.
Management involves observation or treating the underlying condition; prognosis is tied to the background pathology, MH size, and retinal health.
Surgical outcomes correlate with the morphological similarity of atypical MHs to idiopathic ones.

Conclusions:

Advancements in retinal imaging enhance the recognition of atypical MHs.
Improved understanding of disease mechanisms and enhanced diagnostic/surgical techniques hold promise for better management of atypical MHs in the future.