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Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
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Dimensional analysis is a powerful tool that is used in physics and engineering to understand and predict the behavior of physical systems. The basic idea behind dimensional analysis is to express physical quantities in terms of fundamental dimensions such as the mass, length, and time. Derived dimensions like the velocity, acceleration, and force are derived from the combinations of these fundamental dimensions.
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Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays
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Three-dimensional origami paper-based device for portable immunoassay applications.

Chung-An Chen1, Wen-Shin Yeh, Tsung-Ting Tsai

  • 1Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan. stevechen@ntu.edu.tw.

Lab on a Chip
|January 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

We developed a novel 3D surface-modified origami-paper-based analytical device (3D-soPAD) for rapid immunoassays. This paper device enables sensitive detection of biomarkers like human immunoglobulin G (HIgG) and protein A, even in complex samples.

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Using Adhesive Patterning to Construct 3D Paper Microfluidic Devices
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Immunoassays are crucial for disease diagnosis but often require complex laboratory equipment.
  • Paper-based analytical devices offer a low-cost, portable alternative for point-of-care diagnostics.
  • Existing paper devices often face limitations in reagent storage and sequential assay steps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel three-dimensional surface-modified origami-paper-based analytical device (3D-soPAD).
  • To enable sequential immunoassay steps using vertical analyte diffusion and pre-stored reagents.
  • To demonstrate the platform's utility for sensitive, rapid, and on-site diagnostics in resource-limited settings.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 3D-soPAD using cellulose modified with carboxymethyl cellulose, EDC, and NHS for covalent bonding.
  • Optimization of assay parameters and determination of detection limits for human immunoglobulin G (HIgG).
  • Evaluation of long-term storage stability of antibody-enzyme conjugates using freeze-drying with sugar matrices.
  • Testing the device with real samples, specifically detecting protein A in human synovial fluid.

Main Results:

  • The 3D-soPAD achieved a low detection limit of 0.01 ng mL-1 for HIgG within a 7-minute turnaround time.
  • Freeze-dried antibody-enzyme conjugates retained 80% activity after 75 days of storage at 4 °C.
  • Successful detection of protein A, a biomarker for Staphylococcus aureus, in highly viscous human synovial fluid.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-soPAD platform offers a sensitive and efficient method for performing sequential immunoassays.
  • The device demonstrates excellent stability for stored reagents, crucial for field applications.
  • This technology holds significant potential for high-throughput, on-site infection prognosis in resource-limited environments.