Sodium houttuyfonate inhibits LPS‑induced mastitis in mice via the NF‑κB signalling pathway

Sodium houttuyfonate (SH) has been indicated to play an important anti‑inflammatory role. Previous studies have confirmed that SH can inhibit the NF‑κB pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced mastitis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. However, the effects of SH on LPS‑induced mastitis in animals should be verified to further evaluate its actual value. In the present study, the anti‑inflammatory effects of SH were investigated in mouse models and a mouse mammary epithelial cell line. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) showed that SH therapy significantly alleviated the pathological changes in mammary glands. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity analysis demonstrated that SH substantially decreased MPO activity in vivo. RT‑qPCR results showed that SH reduced the expression of interleukin (IL)‑1, IL‑6 and tumor necrosis factor α both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, western blot results indicated that SH suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B‑cells (NF‑κB) p65 protein and reduced the degradation of inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‑cells alpha protein in vivo and in vitro. These results demonstrated that SH ameliorates LPS‑induced mastitis by inhibiting the NF‑κB pathway.