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Developmental aspects of nociception.

R J Hamm1, J S Knisely

  • 1Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23284-2018.

Brain Research Bulletin
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Endogenous analgesia systems mature at different rates depending on whether they are neural or hormonal. Hormonal systems, like those activated by cold water, mature earlier than neural systems, such as those activated by paw shock.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Multiple endogenous systems modulate nociception (pain perception).
  • These systems are classified as neural-opioid, neural-nonopioid, hormonal-opioid, and hormonal-nonopioid.
  • Research indicates differential maturation rates among these endogenous analgesia systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ontogeny of endogenous analgesic function.
  • To determine if developmental rates differ across various endogenous analgesic systems.
  • To explore the relationship between neural/hormonal components and developmental timing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized various stimuli (e.g., front-paw shock, hind-paw shock, cold-water immersion, food deprivation) to activate different endogenous analgesic pathways.

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  • Examined the age-related maturation of neural-opioid, neural-nonopioid, and hormonal-opioid systems in rats.
  • Assessed analgesic responses in rats at different developmental stages.

    • Main Results:

    • The neural-opioid system (activated by front-paw shock) matures by 28 days in rats.
    • The neural-nonopioid system (activated by hind-paw shock) matures after two months.
    • The hormonal-opioid system (activated by cold-water immersion) reaches adult levels by 10 days of age.
    • Food deprivation elicits a hormonal-opioid analgesic response in young rats, indicating early maturation of this pathway.

    Conclusions:

    • The rate of development for endogenous analgesic systems is linked to their neural or hormonal activation components.
    • Hormonal analgesic systems appear to mature earlier than neural systems.
    • Further research is needed to determine if differential development rates relate to the ecological validity of activating stimuli.