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Mobile-Based Interventions for Dietary Behavior Change and Health Outcomes: Scoping Review.

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Mobile health interventions show promise for improving eating behaviors. Further research is needed to understand how dietary changes mediate health outcomes from these mobile health (mHealth) interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Digital health interventions
  • Behavioral science
  • Public health

Background:

  • Mobile applications offer accessible platforms for delivering health interventions.
  • Healthy eating behavior change is a key area for mobile intervention development.
  • Ubiquitous access and sensing capabilities of mobile devices facilitate health monitoring and support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and synthesize literature on mobile interventions for eating behavior change.
  • To map the input methods, intervention strategies, and outcomes of existing mobile-based dietary interventions.
  • To identify gaps and provide direction for future research in mobile health for nutrition.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping literature search across PubMed/MEDLINE, ACM Digital Library, and PsycINFO (2013-2018).
  • Inclusion of studies assessing mobile-based interventions for dietary behavior and/or health outcomes.
  • Classification of studies based on input methods, intervention content, and examined outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 30 studies were analyzed, categorizing input methods (text, photo/voice/video), intervention components (self-monitoring, feedback, gamification, goal review, social support, education), and outcomes (health outcomes, dietary behavior change, or both).
  • Self-monitoring was a universal component; personalized feedback was common (18 studies).
  • Dietary behavior change was examined as a mediator in only 5 studies, highlighting a gap in understanding its role in mobile health interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Mobile interventions for dietary behavior change vary in input methods and intervention strategies.
  • While mobile interventions show potential, the mediating role of dietary behavior change in achieving health outcomes requires further investigation.
  • This review offers insights for developing more effective mobile health strategies for nutrition and behavior modification.