A concise review of vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) is the pathogen of Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS), a chronic respiratory infectious discease which causes enormous losses to the swine industry worldwide. At present, vaccination is the most effective mean to prevent and reduce economic losses caused by this pathogen. Currently, MPS vaccines mainly include inactivated vaccines and attenuated live vaccines. However, these approved vaccines still have many drawbacks, and the infection of Mhp has not yet been fully elucidated. Adhesion factors of Mhp have been shown to play a direct role in the pathogen's adherence, and thus were given consideration to be included in the composition of the vaccine. This shows a good prospect due to the advantages and feasibility of genetically engineering a vaccine. In this review, we summarize the work of researchers in recent years about the development of vaccines against Mhp, and we focus on the development of genetically engineering vaccines and some novel combined vaccines.