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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Generalizing age effects on brain structure and cognition: A two-study comparison approach.

Christiane Jockwitz1,2, Susan Mérillat3, Franziskus Liem3

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|January 23, 2019
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Cognitive abilities and brain structure show similar age-related changes across different healthy older adult samples. This cross-validation confirms generalizability of aging effects on cognition and cortical thickness (CT) when using consistent methods.

Keywords:
agingbrain structurecognition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Normal aging is characterized by variable declines in cognitive function and brain structure.
  • Heterogeneity across studies (methodological, sample characteristics) hinders result generalizability.
  • Understanding consistent age-related changes is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To cross-validate age-related differences in cognitive abilities and brain structure (cortical thickness) in two independent, large samples of healthy older adults.
  • To assess the generalizability of findings on cognitive aging and brain structure changes.
  • To investigate if consistent aging patterns emerge despite sample and metric variations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two large, independent samples (n=228 each) of healthy older adults (65-85 years): Longitudinal Healthy Aging Brain (LHAB) and 1000BRAINS.
  • Assessed cognitive abilities including processing speed, concept shifting, reasoning, semantic verbal fluency, and vocabulary.
  • Measured brain structure using cortical thickness (CT).

Main Results:

  • While LHAB participants had higher education and cognitive scores, and 1000BRAINS participants had larger CT values, both samples exhibited highly similar age-related differences in cognition and CT.
  • Observed age-related effects aligned with established aging theories, such as the posterior to anterior shift in aging within the default mode network.
  • Despite inter-individual variability and sample differences, consistent age-related patterns in cognitive abilities and cortical thickness were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related effects on cognitive ability and brain structure are generalizable across different samples when consistent methodologies are employed.
  • Cross-validation in independent samples strengthens the reliability of findings on cognitive and structural brain aging.
  • This study highlights the importance of methodological consistency for robust conclusions in aging research.