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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Kosovo, 2013-2016

Salih Ahmeti, Lindita Berisha, Bahrije Halili

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |January 23, 2019
    PubMed

    Insights

    Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious tick-borne illness. High viral loads and organ dysfunction were observed in fatal CCHF cases, with ribavirin showing no benefit.

    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne viral disease with significant mortality.
    • Understanding prognostic indicators is crucial for managing CCHF outbreaks.

    Observation:

    • A study in Prishtina, Kosovo, between 2013-2016 monitored 32 CCHF patients.
    • Eleven patients (34%) succumbed to the illness during the observation period.

    Findings:

    • Fatal CCHF cases presented with extremely high viral loads ( > 1 × 10^8.5/mL).
    • Elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels ( > 2,700 U/mL) were noted in non-survivors.
    • Hemorrhagic manifestations and impaired consciousness were common in patients who died.
    • The antiviral drug ribavirin demonstrated no significant therapeutic effect in this cohort.

    Implications:

    • Identifying high-risk CCHF patients early is critical for resource allocation and supportive care.
    • The limited efficacy of ribavirin suggests a need for novel therapeutic strategies against CCHF.
    • This data highlights the severe clinical course and challenges in treating CCHF in the Balkan region.

    Keywords:
    CCHFCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic feverKosovoLDHbleedingcase-fatality ratecomalactate dehydrogenaseribavirinsomnolenceviral loadviruses

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