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Role of the microbiome in human development.

Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello1, Filipa Godoy-Vitorino2, Rob Knight3

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The human microbiome, a collection of microbes, coevolved with hosts, influencing health from gestation through development. Maintaining a healthy microbiome is crucial for host well-being and disease resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The host-microbiome supraorganism highlights the coevolutionary relationship between humans and their resident microbes.
  • Microbiota plays a critical role in host health, influencing development, immunity, and pathogen resistance from gestation onwards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of the human microbiome in host development, encompassing evolutionary aspects.
  • To examine maternal-fetal microbiome interactions, nutritional contributions, and growth modulation.
  • To discuss the characteristics of a healthy microbiota, the impact of modern practices, and disease associations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on host-microbiome interactions.
  • Analysis of evolutionary perspectives on microbiome development and function.
  • Examination of epidemiological data linking microbiota perturbations to diseases.

Main Results:

  • The human microbiome is integral to physiological development, immunity, and nutrition, starting in utero.
  • Antimicrobial practices can disrupt the delicate balance of the microbiota, potentially leading to health issues.
  • Microbiota perturbations are increasingly associated with the rise of diseases in urban populations.

Conclusions:

  • The human microbiome is a vital component of host health, shaped by coevolution and early-life exposures.
  • Restoring and maintaining a healthy microbiome is essential for preventing and managing diseases, particularly in modern societies.
  • Understanding the microbiome's role offers potential therapeutic avenues for various health conditions.