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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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DNA Replication02:40

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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The circadian clock components BMAL1 and REV-ERBα regulate flavivirus replication.

Xiaodong Zhuang1, Andrea Magri1, Michelle Hill2

  • 1Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.

Nature Communications
|January 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The circadian clock

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Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The circadian clock influences immune responses and pathogen replication.
  • Molecular mechanisms linking circadian rhythms to viral infections are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of circadian clock components BMAL1 and REV-ERBα in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle.
  • To explore the impact of these clock components on flavivirus replication.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic knockout of the Bmal1 gene.
  • Overexpression and activation of REV-ERBα using synthetic agonists.
  • Analysis of HCV and flavivirus replication dynamics.

Main Results:

  • BMAL1 and REV-ERBα were found to influence HCV particle entry and RNA replication.
  • Inhibition of HCV and flavivirus (dengue, Zika) replication was observed upon Bmal1 knockout or REV-ERBα activation.
  • Perturbation of lipid signaling pathways was identified as a mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The circadian clock component REV-ERBα plays a significant role in regulating flavivirus replication.
  • Circadian regulators like REV-ERBα represent potential targets for antiviral therapies.