Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026
Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Published on: October 14, 2016
Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis: our 2 year experience and outcome analysis
Raghunath Shanbag1, Nita Rachel Rajan2, Arun Kumar1
1Department of ENT, SDM College of Medical Sciences, Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka, 680009, India.
Purpose:
The incidence of Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) is on the rise considering the multitude of comorbidities present in a single patient.The delay in suspecting the fungal etiology, presentation of the patient for an Otorhinolaryngology consult and lack of defined protocols affects outcome.This study looks in to the various aspects of treatment of AIFRS including sample collection, diagnosis and medicosurgical treatment. We propose a protocol for the management of these patients crafted from our outcome.
Methods:
Between September 2015-September 2017, 14 patients presented with AIFRS. Targeted samples were taken for Potassium hydroxide mount, histopathological studies and fungal culture. Management was initiated with antifungals and multi-approach surgical debridement.
Results:
Six of these patients had multiple comorbidities and most were uncontrolled diabetics. The average delay in presentation was 9 days. Potassium hydroxide mount was the screening test of choice. A minimum of two sittings of debridement was essential. In an average follow-up period of 15.12 months, all the patients are alive and disease free.
Conclusion:
A high index of suspicion, awareness among medical fraternity and precise sample collection aids a firm diagnosis. Simultaneous initiation of surgical debridement and anti-fungals is fundamental.
Insights
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) are crucial for patient survival. Early surgical debridement combined with antifungal therapy significantly improves outcomes in AIFRS management.
Area of Science:
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) incidence is increasing, often associated with patient comorbidities.
- Delayed diagnosis and lack of standardized protocols negatively impact AIFRS patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate treatment aspects of AIFRS, including diagnosis and medico-surgical management.
- To propose a management protocol for AIFRS based on study outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 14 AIFRS patients from September 2015 to September 2017.
- Sample collection for Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount, histopathology, and fungal culture.
- Management involved antifungals and multi-approach surgical debridement.
Main Results:
- Most patients had uncontrolled comorbidities, particularly diabetes.
- Average delay in presentation was 9 days; KOH mount was the primary screening test.
- All patients survived and remained disease-free after a mean follow-up of 15.12 months, with at least two debridement sessions required.
Conclusions:
- High index of suspicion and precise sample collection are vital for diagnosing AIFRS.
- Simultaneous initiation of surgical debridement and antifungal treatment is fundamental for successful AIFRS management.
Related Concept Videos
02:24Predicting Reaction Outcomes
01:29Fungal Group Zygomycota
01:13Outcomes of Glycolysis
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
01:12What is an Experiment?
01:11Guidelines for Writing Outcome
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
01:28Fungal Phylum Microsporidia