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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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What is Climate?01:16

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Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
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Net Change Theorem01:22

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The Net Change Theorem is a fundamental principle in calculus that establishes a direct relationship between a function’s rate of change and its accumulated change over an interval. Mathematically, it states that the definite integral of a function's derivative over a given interval [a,b] yields the net change in the original function:This theorem has significant applications in various real-world scenarios, including physics, economics, and engineering. A particularly useful application...
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Rates of Change01:20

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The rate of change is a central concept in mathematics that quantifies how one variable varies in response to another. It serves as a foundational tool in modeling dynamic systems across disciplines such as physics, biology, economics, and engineering. Understanding both average and instantaneous rates of change enables the analysis of behavior in functions that describe real-world phenomena.Average Rate of ChangeFor a function f(x) defined over an interval [x1,x2], the average rate of change...
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Work Done During Volume Change01:17

Work Done During Volume Change

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In mechanics, work is done on an object when the force acting on it displaces the object. In thermodynamics, work done on a system can be estimated when the system's volume changes during any thermodynamic process.
Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
The work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as
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Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature02:19

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Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
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The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress
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Ringed seal demography in a changing climate.

Jody R Reimer1,2, Hal Caswell3, Andrew E Derocher1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta , T6G 2E9, Canada.

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
|January 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change threatens Arctic ringed seals (Pusa hispida) with population declines of 50-99% by 2100. Current monitoring may not detect these changes until mid-century, highlighting the need for improved methods.

Keywords:
Pusa hispidaclimate changegeneral circulation modelsmatrix population modelmonitoringpower analysissea icesnow depth

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Climate change is altering global species distributions and abundances.
  • Arctic sea ice ecosystems are rapidly changing, necessitating baseline data for ice-associated species.
  • Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) are indicator species for Arctic marine ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate historical ringed seal population dynamics in Canada.
  • To project future population trends under climate change scenarios.
  • To assess the detectability of projected population changes using current monitoring data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized matrix population models synthesizing existing demographic parameters.
  • Incorporated environmental stressors like earlier ice breakup and reduced snow depth.
  • Coupled demographic models with climate forecasts (CMIP) for projections to 2100.

Main Results:

  • Projected median ringed seal population declines of 50% to 99% by 2100.
  • Predicted substantial shifts in population structure (more pups/adults, fewer juveniles).
  • Current harvest-based monitoring may only detect changes by mid-century at current sample sizes.

Conclusions:

  • Mathematical population models are crucial for understanding past and predicting future ecological changes.
  • Existing ringed seal demographic rate estimates require refinement.
  • Urgent need for enhanced monitoring strategies to detect climate change impacts on Arctic species.