Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026
06:06
Optogenetic Functional MRI
Published on: April 19, 2016
15.4K
Retracted: Large Timescale Interrogation of Neuronal Function by Fiberless Optogenetics Using Lanthanide
Toh Miyazaki1, Srikanta Chowdhury1, Takayuki Yamashita2
1Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
Cell Reports
|January 24, 2019
Summary
Fiberless optogenetics uses lanthanide micro-particles to activate opsins with near-infrared light, overcoming limitations of traditional fiber-based methods for controlling neural activity in freely moving animals.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biotechnology
- Materials Science
Background:
- Optogenetics typically requires invasive optical fibers for light delivery.
- Visible light used in optogenetics has poor tissue penetration, limiting depth and causing damage.
- Existing methods restrict animal behavior due to fiber tethers and tissue damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a minimally invasive, fiberless optogenetics technique.
- To enable neuronal control using tissue-penetrating near-infrared light.
- To overcome the limitations of current optogenetic approaches.
Main Methods:
- Developed lanthanide micro-particles (LMPs) emitting visible light via up-conversion luminescence.
- Activated depolarizing (C1V1) and hyperpolarizing (ACR1) opsins with LMP luminescence.
- In vivo testing in mice, targeting dorsal striatum neurons at 2mm depth.
Main Results:
- LMPs successfully activated opsins in vitro and in vivo.
- Demonstrated manipulation of mouse locomotive behavior via neuronal activation/inhibition.
- LMPs showed sustained functionality (>8 weeks) at the injection site.
Conclusions:
- Fiberless optogenetics with LMPs is a viable, minimally invasive alternative.
- This technique allows for long-term neuronal control in freely behaving animals.
- Offers new possibilities for studying neural circuits and treating neurological disorders.
Keywords:
C1V1Optogeneticsadeno-associated virus vectoranion channelrhodopsinchannelrhodopsinfiberlessinfraredlanthanideupconversionMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:16Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis
8.9K
After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
8.9K
03:37Subatomic Particles
113.0K
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
113.0K
02:10The Nucleosome Core Particle
14.4K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
14.4K
01:12The Nucleosome Core Particle
2.4K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
2.4K
02:43Basic Postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory: Particle Size, Energy, and Collision
37.8K
The ideal-gas equation, which is empirical, describes the behavior of gases by establishing relationships between their macroscopic properties. For example, Charles’ law states that volume and temperature are directly related. Gases, therefore, expand when heated at constant pressure. Although gas laws explain how the macroscopic properties change relative to one another, it does not explain the rationale behind it.
37.8K
01:23Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle
2.2K
When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
2.2K