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The Role of MRI Biomarkers and Their Interactions with Cognitive Status and APOE ε4 in Nondemented Elderly Subjects

Xue Liang1, Zhenyu Yin2, Renyuan Liu3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.

Neuro-Degenerative Diseases
|January 24, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Hippocampal subfield atrophy is a key indicator in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. These brain structure changes correlate with cognitive function, particularly in MCI individuals, suggesting potential as a biomarker.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuropsychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Understanding brain structure changes and their relationship with cognitive function in MCI is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention.
  • The role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype in modulating these relationships requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific patterns of hippocampal subfield and cortical thickness atrophy in MCI patients.
  • To investigate the association between neuropsychological (NP) performance and brain structure in MCI and normal cognition (NC) groups.
  • To determine if APOE ε4 status and cognitive status modify the relationship between brain structure and NP measures.

Main Methods:

  • Automated segmentation of hippocampal subfields and AD-signature cortical thickness using FreeSurfer software.
  • Comparison of brain structure volumes and cortical thickness between 22 MCI patients and 23 NC individuals.
  • Statistical analysis including two-sample t tests and linear regression models to assess associations between NP scores and brain structure.

Main Results:

  • MCI patients exhibited reduced volumes in specific left and right hippocampal subfields (presubiculum, subiculum, CA2_3, CA4_DG) compared to NC.
  • Volumes of these atrophied regions positively correlated with NP scores.
  • These associations were dependent on cognitive status (MCI vs. NC) but not on APOE ε4 genotype; left subiculum and presubiculum volumes correlated with MoCA scores specifically in MCI patients.

Conclusions:

  • Hippocampal subfield atrophy serves as a significant indicator in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
  • These structural changes are linked to cognitive performance, highlighting their potential as a sensitive biomarker for MCI.
  • Findings suggest hippocampal subfield atrophy is a valuable biomarker for MCI, particularly within the Chinese population.
Keywords:
APOE ε4Cortical thicknessHippocampal subfieldMild cognitive impairment

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