Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Modeling Oral-Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 3D Organoids
Published on: December 23, 2022
A novel histopathological scoring system for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Ali-Farid Safi1,2, Kathrin Grochau3,4, Uta Drebber4,5
1Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany. asafi@outlook.de.
Objectives:
Tumor invasion into blood and/or lymphatic vessels, perineural invasion, and histopathological grading are evaluated to assess the biological aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We aim to assess the prognostic impact of a novel scoring system, based upon the aforementioned histological parameters.
Materials And Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 334 patients with treatment-naive squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Histological grade G1 or G2 were assigned 0 points and G3 or G4 1 point. Invasion of the lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, or perineural space was given 1 point. Zero points were given, when invasion was not detectable. The final score was conducted through addition of each parameter. Therefore, our scoring system ranged between 0 and 4 points.
Results:
T-classification (p < 0.001), N-classification (p < 0.001), UICC stage (p < 0.001), extracapsular spread (p < 0.001), locoregional recurrence (p < 0.001), and overall survival (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the OSCC-Histoscore. In multivariate analysis, T-classification (p = 0.001), N-classification (p = 0.039), resection margins (p = 0.038), and OSCC-Histoscore (p < 0.001) were independent prognostic markers for overall survival rate.
Conclusion:
Our presented OSCC-Histoscore serves as a strong independent prognostic parameter for 5-year overall survival (OS) and predicts OS better than T-classification, N-classification, and resection margins.
Clinical Relevance:
Our presented histoscore improves prediction of the overall survival of patients with OSCC.
Related Concept Videos
Introduction to z Scores
z scores...
Introduction to z Scores
z scores...
z Scores and Area Under the Curve
Oral Cavity
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
z Scores and Unusual Values
This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

