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Obesity. Part I--Pathogenesis.

G A Bray, D S Gray

    The Western Journal of Medicine
    |October 1, 1988
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Obesity, defined by a body mass index over 30 kg/m², is a significant health issue. Increased abdominal fat and reduced energy expenditure are key risk factors for obesity-related diseases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Metabolic Disorders
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Obesity, characterized by a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 30 kg/m², is a prevalent health concern in affluent nations, particularly North America.
    • Prevalence rates range from 9% to 12% of the population in affected regions.
    • Reduced energy expenditure, whether from decreased physical activity or metabolic rate, may contribute to obesity when energy intake is not adequately reduced.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the significant health risks associated with obesity.
    • To emphasize the role of abdominal fat distribution in health outcomes.
    • To explore potential contributing factors to obesity development.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of obesity prevalence data in affluent nations.

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  • Assessment of health risks linked to body fat distribution, specifically the abdominal to gluteal circumference ratio.
  • Review of factors contributing to energy imbalance and obesity etiology.

    • Main Results:

    • A high abdominal circumference to gluteal circumference ratio is associated with a twofold or greater risk of serious health conditions, including heart attack, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, and mortality.
    • Increased abdominal fat poses a greater health risk than a similar increase in total body fat.
    • Genetic factors are estimated to account for approximately 25% of obesity's etiology.

    Conclusions:

    • Obesity presents a major public health challenge with significant associated health risks.
    • Abdominal fat accumulation, indicated by a high waist-to-hip ratio, is a critical indicator of increased morbidity and mortality.
    • Both lifestyle factors (energy expenditure) and genetic predisposition play roles in the development of obesity.