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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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The actual hypothesis testing begins by considering two hypotheses. They are termed  the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints.
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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

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Prp8 impacts cryptic but not alternative splicing frequency.

Megan Mayerle1, Samira Yitiz2, Cameron Soulette2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified mutations in the Prp8 protein that affect how spliceosomes choose correct splice sites. This finding suggests intrinsic spliceosome mechanisms prevent errors, separate from alternative splicing regulation.

Keywords:
CRISPR mutagenesisPRP8alternative splicingcryptic splicingspliceosome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing requires high fidelity to produce functional proteins.
  • Aberrant splice site selection, including the use of cryptic splice sites, can lead to hereditary diseases due to nonfunctional proteins.
  • Understanding how spliceosomes distinguish authentic from cryptic splice sites is crucial but poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cellular factors influencing the frequency of cryptic splice site usage by the spliceosome.
  • To investigate the role of the core spliceosome component Prp8 in regulating splice site selection.

Main Methods:

  • A genetic screen in *Caenorhabditis elegans* was employed to identify factors affecting cryptic splice site usage.
  • Two mutant alleles of the *prp-8* gene were identified.
  • Complementary genetic and structural analyses were performed in yeast.
  • High-throughput mRNA sequencing was used to analyze alternative splicing patterns in *prp-8* mutants.

Main Results:

  • Two *prp-8* alleles were identified that alter cryptic splice site usage frequency.
  • These alleles are implicated in the stability of the spliceosome's catalytic core.
  • Despite altering cryptic splicing, overall alternative splicing patterns in *prp-8* mutant *C. elegans* remained largely unchanged.
  • The findings suggest distinct mechanisms regulate cryptic versus alternative splicing.

Conclusions:

  • The spliceosome possesses intrinsic mechanisms to minimize cryptic splice site utilization.
  • These error-reduction mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved and operate independently of alternative splicing regulation.
  • Prp8 plays a role in maintaining spliceosome fidelity by influencing catalytic core stability.