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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Published on: January 13, 2023

Functional Stimuli-Responsive Gels: Hydrogels and Microgels.

Coro Echeverria¹, Susete N Fernandes², Maria H Godinho³

¹Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain. cecheverria@ictp.csic.es.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 25, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nature-inspired functional hydrogels and microgels are advancing materials science. These smart materials exhibit multi-stimuli responsiveness, self-shaping, and self-repair capabilities, mimicking natural systems.

Keywords:

functional gels hybrid microgels hydrogels microgels self-healing gels shape memory hydrogels stimuli-responsive

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Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Biomimetic Materials

Background:

Mimicking natural structures and behaviors inspires the development of advanced functional materials.
Stimuli-responsive gels, particularly hydrogels and microgels, are gaining significant attention in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in stimuli-responsive functional hydrogels and microgels.
To highlight the preparation and properties of hybrid polymeric microgels incorporating nanoparticles.
To discuss novel self-shaping and self-repairing stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on stimuli-responsive gels.
Analysis of hybrid polymeric microgel preparation involving nanoparticles and stimuli-responsive matrices.
Examination of functional hydrogels with shape-memory and self-repair properties.

Main Results:

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels demonstrate high impact in materials science.
Hybrid microgels combining nanoparticles with stimuli-responsive matrices yield multi-responsive "smart" systems.
Emerging functional hydrogels exhibit self-shaping (shape-memory) and self-repair capabilities.

Conclusions:

Nature-inspired stimuli-responsive hydrogels and microgels represent a significant advancement in smart materials.
Hybrid microgels offer a pathway to multi-stimuli responsive systems.
Self-shaping and self-repairing hydrogels represent a new frontier in functional polymeric materials.