Transfusion transmitted infectious agents, excluding hepatitis and human immunodeficiency viruses

Area of Science:

• Infectious disease transmission
• Hematology
• Transfusion medicine

Background:

• Blood transfusion carries risks of transmitting various infectious agents, including viruses, parasites, and bacteria.
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection prevention in immunocompromised patients, such as bone marrow recipients, is crucial.
• Emerging and re-emerging infectious agents necessitate ongoing vigilance in blood safety protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the spectrum of transfusion-transmitted infections.
• To highlight key pathogens and their associated risks in blood products.
• To discuss current strategies and considerations for mitigating transfusion-related infectious risks.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of transfusion-transmitted pathogens.
• Analysis of clinical implications and prevention strategies for viral, parasitic, and bacterial infections.
• Discussion of blood bank screening and product storage considerations.

Main Results:

• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seronegative blood effectively prevents CMV infection in susceptible recipients.
• Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transmission is a concern, prompting donor screening in endemic areas.
• Bacterial contamination of platelet products during prolonged storage remains a significant risk.

Conclusions:

• Implementing pathogen-reducti on strategies and appropriate donor screening are vital for blood safety.
• Careful management of blood products, including storage conditions, is essential to minimize infectious complications.
• Continuous monitoring and adaptation of transfusion practices are necessary to address evolving transfusion-transmitted infection risks.