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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil

Published on: July 29, 2020

Habits without values.

Kevin J Miller¹, Amitai Shenhav², Elliot A Ludvig³

¹Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University.

Psychological Review

|January 25, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new computational model for habit formation, proposing habits arise from direct action strengthening, not outcome evaluation. This model explains key habit behaviors like insensitivity to outcome changes and perseveration.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Computational Psychiatry
Behavioral Science

Background:

Habits are a key aspect of behavior.
Current models link habits to model-free reinforcement learning and outcome evaluation.
Traditional views define habits as stimulus-triggered behaviors independent of outcome evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a computational model of habit formation based on the traditional view of stimulus-response associations.
To explain key behavioral phenomena associated with habits.
To provide a parsimonious account for existing behavioral and neural data.

Main Methods:

Developed a computational model where habits strengthen direct action selection based on recent use.
The model does not encode outcome values.
Simulated habit formation and tested against established behavioral findings.

Main Results:

The model successfully replicates insensitivity to outcome devaluation and contingency degradation.
It explains the impact of reinforcement schedules on habit formation rates.
The model accounts for perseverative behavior in repeated-choice tasks.

Conclusions:

Habitual behaviors can be parsimoniously explained by value-free mechanisms.
This framework offers a new foundation for modeling habit interactions with goal-directed behaviors.
It guides future research into the neural basis of instrumental behavior control.