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Special Environments: Altitude and Heat.

Philo U Saunders1,2, Laura A Garvican-Lewis1,3, Robert F Chapman4

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Elite athletes use heat and altitude training to enhance performance. Nutritional strategies are crucial for optimizing adaptations in extreme environments like heat and high altitudes.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Elite athletes seek to maximize training adaptations for peak competition performance.
  • Altered environmental conditions, such as heat and altitude, are increasingly utilized for training.
  • Nutrition and hydration interventions can further optimize adaptation to these environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the use of heat and altitude training interventions for elite athletes.
  • To optimize performance in both normal and extreme environmental conditions (hot and/or high).
  • To emphasize the role of nutritional strategies in maximizing adaptations for competitive enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on heat acclimation/acclimatization and altitude training.
  • Analysis of performance outcomes in various environmental conditions.
  • Focus on nutritional strategies relevant to extreme environments.

Main Results:

  • Altitude training is used for both altitude and sea-level performance enhancement.
  • Heat acclimation/acclimatization optimizes performance in hot/humid conditions and may improve exercise capacity in temperate environments.
  • Nutritional strategies are vital for adaptation and performance in extreme heat and altitude.

Conclusions:

  • Heat and altitude training are effective strategies for elite athletes to optimize performance.
  • Nutritional support is essential for maximizing the benefits of environmental training interventions.
  • This consensus provides guidance for utilizing these methods to enhance competitive capacity.