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Related Concept Videos

Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

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Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Newton's Third Law: Examples01:08

Newton's Third Law: Examples

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Newton's third law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Consider a swimmer pushing off the side of a pool. They push against the wall of the pool with their feet and accelerate in the direction opposite to that of their push. This occurs because the wall exerts an equal and opposite force on the swimmer. Here, the forces do not cancel out each other as they are acting on different systems. In this case, there are two systems: the swimmer and the wall. If we select...
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Free Body Diagrams: Examples01:07

Free Body Diagrams: Examples

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Solving problems that involve forces is easy using free-body diagrams. A free-body diagram is a sketch showing all the external forces that are acting on an object or system. The object or system is represented by a single isolated point (or free body). Only those forces acting on it that originate outside of the object or system—the external forces—are shown. The forces are represented by vectors extending outward from the free body. Imagine a person sitting on a chair. Here, the...
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The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

The ITS2 Database
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Radiation databases and archives - examples and comparisons.

Alia Zander1, Tatjana Paunesku1, Gayle Woloschak1

  • 1Feinberg School of Medicine, Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA.

International Journal of Radiation Biology
|January 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights major archives and databases in radiation biology. Preserving these datasets enables large-scale analyses of ionizing radiation effects from human and animal studies.

Keywords:
Ionizing radiationarchivedatabasehistorical data

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Biology
  • Medical Physics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Archiving data on ionizing radiation effects began in the early 1900s, prompted by X-ray discovery and the need to standardize medical treatments.
  • Recognition of delayed effects of ionizing radiation underscored the necessity for long-term human data follow-up.
  • Human data archives now exist from nuclear disasters, occupational exposures, and medical procedures, complemented by animal irradiation experiments initiated during the Cold War.

Observation:

  • Planned animal irradiation experiments, initiated during the Cold War, utilized diverse doses, fractions, dose rates, and radiation types.
  • These animal studies aimed to complement human data through controlled experiments and continuous data collection.
  • Major archives and databases have significantly influenced the field of radiation biology.

Findings:

  • A wide array of datasets on ionizing radiation effects is currently available.
  • Existing data and tissue samples are preserved for future research.
  • Radiation biologists can integrate diverse datasets for comprehensive analyses.

Implications:

  • Preserved data and tissue sets facilitate large-scale analyses by combining existing databases.
  • Cutting-edge scientific approaches can be applied to existing detailed data.
  • Future research can leverage combined datasets and advanced methodologies for novel discoveries in radiation biology.