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Related Concept Videos

Capillary Beds01:20

Capillary Beds

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Capillary beds are networks of tiny blood vessels that play a crucial role in the circulatory system. These beds are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and surrounding tissues. Each capillary bed consists of numerous capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body, typically only one cell-thick. This thinness allows for the efficient diffusion of substances.
Capillaries connect arterioles, small branches of arteries, to venules,...
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Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

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The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Capillaries and Their Types01:20

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Capillaries, a crucial constituent of the circulatory system, are diminutive vessels with a diameter between 5–10 micrometers, accommodating perfusion to the tissues through the phenomenon known as microcirculation. Through their permeable walls, consisting of an endothelial layer ensconced by a basement membrane and sporadically dispersed smooth muscle fibers, the exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid becomes plausible. Variance in wall composition exists,...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
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Analysis of AtHIRD11 Intrinsic Disorder and Binding Towards Metal Ions by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis and Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis
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Analysis and simulation of multiphase hydrodynamics in capillary microseparators.

Lu Yang1, Agnieszka Ładosz1, Klavs F Jensen1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. kfjensen@mit.edu.

Lab on a Chip
|January 25, 2019
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Summary

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations reveal capillary microseparator performance, detailing operating regimes and flow rates. A new analytic expression accurately predicts the retention threshold, advancing microfluidic device understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Capillary microseparators are crucial for inline separation of biphasic segmented flows in pharmaceutical and fine chemical synthesis.
  • Understanding the operating ranges and hydrodynamic details of these devices is essential but remains incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically simulate the performance of capillary microseparators using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
  • To elucidate the device's behavior across retention, normal operation, and breakthrough regimes.
  • To develop an analytic expression for predicting the retention threshold.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized OpenFOAM, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, for systematic simulations.
  • Modeled the performance of capillary microseparators under various operating conditions.
  • Quantified instantaneous flow rates in micron-scale capillary channels.

Main Results:

  • Simulations accurately reproduced three distinct operating regimes observed experimentally.
  • Detailed hydrodynamic predictions were achieved, even at very low pressure differences (approximately 10 Pa).
  • An analytic expression for the retention threshold showed strong agreement with simulation and experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • CFD simulations provide valuable insights into capillary microseparator hydrodynamics and operating ranges.
  • The developed analytic expression offers a reliable method for predicting the retention threshold.
  • This work enhances the understanding and application of microfluidic separation devices.