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Variations in pulsatile flow around stenosed microchannel depending on viscosity.

Hyeonji Hong1, Jae Min Song2, Eunseop Yeom1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.

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Summary

This study analyzed non-Newtonian blood flow in narrowed vessels, revealing how viscosity and pulsatile flow impact wall shear stress, potentially causing plaque instability and tissue damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Understanding blood flow in stenosed (narrowed) vessels is crucial due to the non-Newtonian nature of blood and the influence of viscosity.
  • Most existing analyses of blood flow in stenosed vessels rely on simulations, highlighting a need for experimental validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the behavior of non-Newtonian fluid flow in stenosed microchannels under pulsatile flow conditions.
  • To analyze the impact of varying blood viscosity on flow dynamics and wall shear stress within a stenosed microchannel.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel with 60% stenosis.
  • Preparation of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid samples (xanthan gum solutions) mimicking different blood viscosities.
  • Measurement of fluid viscosity using a microfluidic viscometer.
  • Analysis of velocity profiles using micro-particle image velocimetry (PIV) under pulsatile flow.

Main Results:

  • Non-Newtonian fluid velocity profiles were blunter than Newtonian fluids.
  • Pulsatile flow induced highly oscillating wall shear stress (WSS), especially in non-Newtonian fluids.
  • Increased viscosity exacerbated variations in WSS after the stenosis, correlating with simulation findings.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides experimental insights into non-Newtonian blood flow dynamics in stenosed microchannels.
  • Observed variations in WSS are linked to potential mechanisms of plaque instability, rupture, and endothelial damage.
  • Findings may aid clinicians in understanding the pathological mechanisms associated with stenotic lesions.