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Relief from incidental fear evokes exuberant risk taking.

Sonja van Well1, John P O'Doherty2, Frans van Winden1

  • 1CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, and Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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|January 25, 2019
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Summary

Incidental emotions, like fear relief, significantly boost financial risk-taking. This finding challenges economic models and is linked to brain activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroeconomics
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Incidental emotions, unrelated to a decision, have unclear impacts on financial risk-taking.
  • Existing economic models do not account for incidental emotions' influence on decision-making.
  • Understanding this influence is crucial given the prevalence of financial risk-taking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of incidental fear on monetary risk-taking choices.
  • To evaluate and adjust formal economic models (Expected Utility Theory, Prospect Theory, Mean-Variance) for incidental emotion effects.
  • To explore the neural underpinnings of incidental emotion's influence on decision-making using fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental induction of fear using electric shocks.
  • Behavioral analysis of choices between sure and risky monetary options.
  • Theoretical modeling and parameter estimation for economic models.
  • Model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Relief from fear significantly increased financial risk-taking, indicating potential exuberance.
  • Prospect Theory, with adjusted outcome valuation, best explained the behavioral data.
  • Increased activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) correlated with this effect.

Conclusions:

  • Incidental emotions, particularly fear relief, can substantially alter financial risk-taking behavior.
  • Adjusted Prospect Theory provides a framework for understanding these effects.
  • The vmPFC plays a key role in the neural valuation processes affected by incidental emotions.