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Published on: April 15, 2013
Degradation of carbamazepine by vacuum-UV oxidation process: Kinetics modeling and energy efficiency
Shumin Zhu1, Bingzhi Dong2, Yangtao Wu3
1State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Brook Byer Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States.
Abstract:
Vaccum-ultraviolet (VUV) is effective for elimination of organic contaminants in aqueous environment and degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) by VUV irradiation was systematically investigated in this study. A dynamic kinetic model was developed to simulate the destruction of CBZ that is mainly initiated by hydroxyl radicals (HO). The second-order rate constant of the reaction between CBZ and HO was determined to be 1.4 × 109 M-1 s-1. Effect of initial CBZ concentration, VUV irradiation intensity and natural organic matter (NOM) were further investigated in several batch experiments. The predicted CBZ removal rates increased with the increasing VUV intensity, while decreased with the increasing initial CBZ and NOM concentrations. Based on the electrical energy per order (EE/O) calculation, the optimal VUV intensity was determined to be 7.5 × 10-8 Einstein s-1. Meanwhile, several intermediates/products were identified and their time-dependent evolution profiles were determined, and finally a plausible degradation pathway of CBZ was proposed. Ecotoxicity assessment indicated that the potential toxicity of CBZ and its oxidation products should be paid more attention in the VUV process.
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