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Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish
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Aggressive and Malignant Prolactinomas.

Nicoleta Cristina Olarescu1, Luis G Perez-Rivas2, Federico Gatto3

  • 1Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Neuroendocrinology
|January 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prolactinomas, common pituitary tumors, are usually treatable. However, some exhibit aggressive traits or metastasize, necessitating further research into their defining characteristics and causes.

Keywords:
AggressivenessDopamine agonistsDopamine receptorPreclinical models

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Prolactin-secreting tumors (prolactinomas) are the most frequent pituitary tumors, typically benign and responsive to dopamine therapy.
  • A subset of prolactinomas display aggressive behavior, including invasiveness, treatment resistance, and recurrence, with rare cases progressing to carcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of aggressive and malignant prolactinomas.
  • To clarify the clinical, pathological, and molecular definitions of these aggressive tumor types.
  • To explore the unknown causes behind the aggressive behavior of prolactinomas.

Main Methods:

  • Multidisciplinary review integrating epidemiological, clinical, pathological, genetic, biochemical, and molecular data.
  • Analysis of existing literature on prolactinomas, focusing on aggressive and malignant presentations.
  • Discussion of diagnostic limitations in distinguishing aggressive adenomas from carcinomas.

Main Results:

  • Standard diagnostic methods often fail to predict aggressive progression or differentiate between aggressive adenomas and carcinomas.
  • The precise definitions and underlying mechanisms of malignant and aggressive prolactinomas require further elucidation.
  • Dopamine type 2 receptor (D2) expression is high in most prolactinomas, enabling treatment but not always preventing aggressive behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Clear clinical, pathological, and molecular definitions for aggressive and malignant prolactinomas are currently lacking.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the etiology of aggressive prolactinoma behavior and improve diagnostic and prognostic capabilities.
  • Distinguishing between aggressive adenomas and true carcinomas remains a challenge, often only confirmed by the presence of metastases.