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The application of aged refuse in nitrification biofilter: Process performance and characterization.

Fan Feng1, Zhi-Gong Liu1, Yu-Xia Song1

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Aged refuse biofilters effectively remove ammonium from wastewater through adsorption and biodegradation. This study confirms biodegradation as the primary pathway, achieving high removal efficiencies and nitrogen loading rates for efficient wastewater treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Microbiology
  • Wastewater Treatment

Background:

  • Ammonium-rich wastewater treatment requires biofilters with high adsorption, biocompatibility, and low cost.
  • Aged refuse presents a potential low-cost medium for biofiltration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of aged refuse as a biofilter for ammonium removal.
  • To identify the primary ammonium conversion pathway in aged refuse biofilters.
  • To assess the impact of operational conditions on nitrification.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis for physical characterization.
  • X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbial community analysis.
  • Parallel experiments with raw and inert refuse, and long-term biofilter operation.

Main Results:

  • Initial ammonium adsorption reached 90.36% efficiency, with biodegradation becoming dominant over time.
  • Aged refuse biofilters achieved 99% ammonium removal efficiency at a nitrogen loading rate of 1.28 kg/m³d.
  • High nitrifier biodiversity ('Nitrosomonas', 'Nitrospira') was observed, though oxygen limitation impacted partial nitrification.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradation is the critical ammonium conversion pathway in aged refuse biofilters.
  • Aged refuse demonstrates significant potential for efficient ammonium removal in wastewater treatment.
  • Understanding microbial dynamics is key to optimizing biofilter performance and preventing nitrification failure.