Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Kendall's Tau Test01:16

Kendall's Tau Test

1.2K
Kendall's tau test, also known as the Kendall rank coefficient test, is a nonparametric method for assessing association between two variables. This test is particularly useful for identifying significant correlations when the distributions of the sample and population are unknown. Developed in 1938 by the British statistician Sir Maurice George Kendall, the tau coefficient (denoted as τ) serves as a rank correlation coefficient, with values ranging from -1 to +1.
A τ value of +1 indicates...
1.2K
Aggregates Classification01:29

Aggregates Classification

1.0K
Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...
1.0K
Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

493
The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
493
Specific Gravity of Aggregate01:19

Specific Gravity of Aggregate

813
Aggregates typically contain pores, which can be either permeable or impermeable. Considering the pores in the aggregates, the specific gravity of aggregates is defined in three different forms, namely, bulk or gross specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and absolute specific gravity.
Bulk or gross specific gravity is calculated by taking the ratio of the mass of aggregates in the saturated surface-dry state to the total volume that includes both the solids and the voids within the...
813
Bulk Density of Aggregate01:22

Bulk Density of Aggregate

1.2K
Bulk density refers to the mass of aggregate particles that would fill a unit volume. The concept of bulk density originates from the inability to pack aggregate particles in a manner that completely eliminates void spaces. Hence, the term bulk refers to the volume that encompasses both the aggregates and the voids. This measurement is crucial when aggregates are batched by volume and is used to convert quantities by mass to volume.
Most natural mineral aggregates, like sand and gravel,...
1.2K
Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate01:22

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

618
Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
618

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seasonal dietary shifts in an invasive snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> revealed by 18S rRNA metabarcoding.

Current zoology·2026
Same author

Sinomenine restrains the proliferation and hyperactivation of B lymphocytes partly by inhibiting interferon regulatory factor 5.

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2026
Same author

Metabolomic dynamics during egg development and hatching in the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata.

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology·2026
Same author

Zinc exacerbates tau-induced neuronal damage and autophagy dysfunction by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway.

Brain research bulletin·2026
Same author

Factors associated with the severity of tuberous sclerosis complex-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) in tuberous sclerosis complex.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2026
Same author

Dissecting olfactory receptor binding pocket gating induced by structurally similar odorants furaneol and sotolone through molecular dynamics simulations.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

In Vitro Aggregation Assays Using Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein
09:22

In Vitro Aggregation Assays Using Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein

Published on: January 2, 2015

19.0K

Zn2+ Aggravates Tau Aggregation and Neurotoxicity.

Xuexia Li1,2, Xiubo Du3, Jiazuan Ni4,5,6

  • 1Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. xxli@ciac.ac.cn.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Zinc ions (Zn2+) worsen tau protein aggregation and neurotoxicity, key factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. This study reveals how Zn2+ exacerbates tau-related neuronal damage, offering insights into AD development.

Keywords:
Zn2+aggregationneurotoxicitytau-R3

More Related Videos

In Vitro Assay for Studying the Aggregation of Tau Protein and Drug Screening
09:49

In Vitro Assay for Studying the Aggregation of Tau Protein and Drug Screening

Published on: November 20, 2018

19.8K
An In Vitro Model for Studying Tau Aggregation Using Lentiviral-mediated Transduction of Human Neurons
05:51

An In Vitro Model for Studying Tau Aggregation Using Lentiviral-mediated Transduction of Human Neurons

Published on: May 23, 2019

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

In Vitro Aggregation Assays Using Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein
09:22

In Vitro Aggregation Assays Using Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein

Published on: January 2, 2015

19.0K
In Vitro Assay for Studying the Aggregation of Tau Protein and Drug Screening
09:49

In Vitro Assay for Studying the Aggregation of Tau Protein and Drug Screening

Published on: November 20, 2018

19.8K
An In Vitro Model for Studying Tau Aggregation Using Lentiviral-mediated Transduction of Human Neurons
05:51

An In Vitro Model for Studying Tau Aggregation Using Lentiviral-mediated Transduction of Human Neurons

Published on: May 23, 2019

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis involves β-amyloid deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal loss.
  • Tau protein stabilizes microtubules; its pathological hyperphosphorylation forms neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD.
  • Dysregulation of zinc ions (Zn2+) is implicated in AD development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Zn2+ on the aggregation and neurotoxicity of the tau protein's third repeat unit (tau-R3).
  • To elucidate the role of Zn2+ dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's disease etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the tau-R3 fragment to study Zn2+ interactions.
  • Assessed Zn2+ binding affinity to tau-R3 using biophysical methods.
  • Evaluated the aggregation, cellular toxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of tau-R3 with and without Zn2+ in Neuro-2A (N2A) cells.
  • Examined neuronal morphology and cell death following treatment with tau-R3 and Zn2+-tau-R3 aggregates.

Main Results:

  • Tau-R3 binds Zn2+ with moderate affinity (Ka = 6.82 ± 0.29 × 10⁴ M⁻¹), likely via its Cys residue.
  • Zn2+ accelerates tau-R3 aggregation, promoting the formation of short fibrils and oligomers.
  • Zn2+-tau-R3 aggregates exhibit enhanced toxicity to N2A cells, increasing ROS levels and causing significant neuronal damage (reduced dendrites/axons) and death.
  • N2A cells exhibit greater uptake of Zn2+-tau-R3 aggregates compared to tau-R3 aggregates.

Conclusions:

  • Zn2+ significantly aggravates tau-R3 aggregation and associated neurotoxicity.
  • These findings suggest that Zn2+ dyshomeostasis contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by promoting tau pathology.
  • The study provides crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms linking metal ion imbalance to neurodegeneration in AD.