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Area of Science:

  • * Plant Pathology
  • * Forestry
  • * Invasive Species Biology

Background:

  • * The invasive fungal pathogen Ceratocystis platani causes canker stain disease (CSD) in Oriental and London plane trees.
  • * Introduced from North America, C. platani spreads clonally in Europe, causing significant mortality.
  • * CSD's impact rivals other major tree diseases like Dutch elm disease and Ash dieback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review current knowledge on canker stain disease (CSD) affecting plane trees.
  • * To emphasize the devastating impact of Ceratocystis platani in Europe.
  • * To assess the risk of C. platani spreading further in Europe and into Asia.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of scientific publications on C. platani and CSD.
  • * Analysis of disease distribution and impact in various European countries.
  • * Assessment of epidemiological factors and spread patterns.

Main Results:

  • * CSD has caused widespread mortality in London plane trees in Italy and France.
  • * Significant impact observed in natural Oriental plane stands in Greece.
  • * The pathogen is established in Switzerland and Spain, with northward and eastward spread a concern.

Conclusions:

  • * Canker stain disease poses a severe threat to plane tree populations in Europe.
  • * Urgent attention is needed to manage and prevent further spread of Ceratocystis platani.
  • * Monitoring and control strategies are crucial to protect plane trees in Europe and Asia.