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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Gene Therapy00:59

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Group Therapy01:26

Group Therapy

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Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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An Acupoint Catgut-embedding Therapy for Treating Obesity
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Obesity Therapy: How and Why?

Sara Paccosi1, Barbara Cresci2, Laura Pala2

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|January 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacological treatments for obesity are limited and vary by region. Many internet-sold weight loss supplements pose risks due to inconsistent regulation and potential adverse effects.

Keywords:
Obesityaction-mechanismdietary supplementspharmacologyself-medicationtype-2 diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obesity is a major global health concern, often linked to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
  • Lifestyle changes are the primary treatment for obesity, but pharmacological interventions are necessary for many patients.
  • Limited availability and side effects of current anti-obesity medications necessitate further research and careful patient selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current pharmacological strategies for managing obesity.
  • To compare medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
  • To identify widely available, self-administered weight loss products and their associated risks.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted using Medline.
  • Selected papers included research articles, systematic reviews, clinical trials, and meta-analyses on obesity, weight loss, and pharmacotherapy.
  • Focus was placed on diet-aid products and self-medication trends.

Main Results:

  • Central-acting anti-obesity drugs like phentermine and lorcaserin are approved in the USA but not Europe.
  • Combination therapies (phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion) are available, with phentermine/topiramate under EMA review.
  • Orlistat is approved for adolescents; liraglutide is approved at higher doses for obesity.
  • Internet-sourced anti-obesity products and supplements often lack regulatory compliance and pose safety concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Weight loss drugs function by reducing energy intake, increasing energy expenditure, promoting satiety, or decreasing calorie absorption.
  • There are significant regional differences in approved anti-obesity medications between the USA and Europe.
  • Widely used, unregulated herbal medicines and supplements present a risk of adverse effects for obese patients.