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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.4K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

8.2K
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
8.2K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
7.7K
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

14.3K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
14.3K
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

10.8K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
10.8K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.7K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.7K

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Aldosterone and Ion Channels.

William C Valinsky1, Rhian M Touyz2, Alvin Shrier1

  • 1Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Vitamins and Hormones
|January 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Aldosterone regulates multiple ions beyond sodium and potassium, including magnesium, calcium, and chloride. This hormone influences various ion channels, impacting cellular ion balance.

Keywords:
AldosteroneENaCIon channelsROMKSGK1

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Aldosterone is a key hormone in regulating electrolyte balance.
  • Historically, aldosterone's role focused on Na+, K+, and H+ homeostasis.
  • Emerging evidence links aldosterone to Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl- homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted role of aldosterone in ion homeostasis.
  • To highlight the involvement of ion channels in aldosterone-mediated ion regulation.
  • To provide an updated overview of ion channels modulated by aldosterone.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of aldosterone's effects on ion transport.
  • Analysis of studies identifying ion channels linked to aldosterone.
  • Compilation of known aldosterone-modulated ion channels.

Main Results:

  • Aldosterone influences Na+, K+, H+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl- homeostasis.
  • Ion channels are critical mediators of aldosterone's ion regulatory functions.
  • Specific ion channels like ENaC, ROMK, BK, TRPV, TRPM, and ClC/CFTR are modulated by aldosterone.

Conclusions:

  • Aldosterone exhibits promiscuous activity, modulating a wide array of ion channels.
  • The understanding of aldosterone's broad impact on ion homeostasis is expanding.
  • Further research is expected to uncover additional aldosterone-ion channel interactions.