A review of emerging bone tissue engineering via PEG conjugated biodegradable amphiphilic copolymers

Defects in bones can be caused by a plethora of reasons, such as trauma or illness, and in many cases, it poses challenges to the current treatment approaches for bone repair. With increasing demand of bone bioengineering in tissue transplant, there is a need to source for sustainable solutions to induce bone regeneration. Polymeric biomaterials have been identified as a promising approach due to its excellent biocompatibility and controllable biodegradability. Specifically, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one of the most commonly investigated polymer for use in bio-related application due to its bioinertness and versatility. Furthermore, the hydrophilic nature enables it to be incorporated with hydrophobic but biodegradable polymers like, polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), to create an amphiphilic polymer. This article reviews the recent synthetic strategies available for the construction of PEG conjugated polymeric system, analysis of PEG influence on the material properties, and provides an overview of its application in bone engineering.