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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.1K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

21.0K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

88.9K
The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
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Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
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Higher superconducting transition temperature by breaking the universal pressure relation.

Liangzi Deng1,2, Yongping Zheng3, Zheng Wu1,2

  • 1Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

High pressure surprisingly boosts superconducting temperatures in cuprate materials like Bi2201 and Bi2212. This resurgence challenges universal relations, suggesting new pathways to achieve higher critical temperatures (Tc) in superconductors.

Keywords:
BSCCOTc-P relationcupratehigh pressurehigh-Tc superconductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity Research

Background:

  • The universal relation between superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and doping or pressure is a key concept in cuprate superconductors.
  • Previous studies established maximum Tc values based on this universal relation for materials like Bi2201 and Bi2212.
  • Understanding factors that can overcome these established limits is crucial for advancing high-temperature superconductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) in Bi2201 and Bi2212 under extreme pressure conditions.
  • To determine if Tc can exceed previously predicted maximums by deviating from the established universal Tc-P relation.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for any observed resurgence in Tc at high pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Bulk superconducting state investigation using DC magnetization measurements.
  • Application of high pressures up to 56 GPa on monolayer Bi2201 and bilayer Bi2212 samples.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to model electronic structure changes.

Main Results:

  • A significant resurgence of Tc observed in both Bi2201 and Bi2212 at pressures above 40 GPa, exceeding prior maximums.
  • Bi2201 reached 30 K at 51 GPa, while Bi2212 reached 90 K at 56 GPa, showing no signs of saturation.
  • DFT calculations support a pressure-induced electronic transition involving charge transfer and increased density of states at the Fermi level.

Conclusions:

  • The universal Tc-P relation can be broken at sufficiently high pressures, leading to unprecedented Tc values in layered cuprates.
  • A pressure-induced electronic transition, likely due to charge transfer between Cu and O bands, is the probable cause for the Tc resurgence.
  • These findings suggest that higher critical temperatures than previously thought are achievable in high-temperature superconductors by manipulating pressure.