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Related Concept Videos

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Overview of the Cardiovascular System01:14

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The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
Heart
The heart is the central pump of the cardiovascular system that circulates blood throughout the body. It comprises two atria receiving the blood and two ventricles pumping blood out of the heart. Their rhythmic contractions, called heartbeats, ensure that blood flow remains continuous.
Blood Vessels
Blood...
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Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection01:29

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Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation01:25

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Cardiac auscultation is a clinical skill used to assess heart function and detect abnormalities. It involves listening to heart sounds at specific anatomical locations through a stethoscope.
Normal Heart Sounds
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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
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[CKD-MBD and cardiovascular disease.]

Hideki Fujii1

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|January 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in chronic kidney disease patients. Mineral bone disorder, particularly high phosphate levels, significantly contributes to CVD progression through hormonal imbalances.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Mineral bone disorder (MBD) is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to CVD progression in CKD.
  • Phosphate dysregulation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of MBD and CVD in CKD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate mechanisms linking mineral bone disorder to cardiovascular disease progression in chronic kidney disease.
  • To highlight the critical role of phosphate homeostasis in the development and advancement of CVD in CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on mineral bone disorder and cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease.
  • Analysis of the biochemical pathways involving phosphate, parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, and active vitamin D.

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  • Examination of direct and indirect effects of phosphate on cardiovascular health.

    • Main Results:

    • Elevated phosphate levels directly and indirectly impact the cardiovascular system.
    • Phosphate influences key hormonal regulators including parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, and active vitamin D.
    • These hormonal changes mediate and exacerbate cardiovascular complications in CKD.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the mechanisms of CVD progression driven by MBD is crucial for CKD patient outcomes.
    • Targeting mineral bone disorder, especially phosphate control, is essential for managing and preventing CVD in chronic kidney disease.