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Different mitogenomic codon usage patterns between damselflies and dragonflies and nine complete mitogenomes for

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Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) show weak mitochondrial genome codon bias, favoring AT-ending codons. Dragonflies exhibit stronger evolutionary pressures, suggesting more efficient mitochondrial gene expression for their active lifestyles.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Entomology

Background:

  • The order Odonata (damselflies and dragonflies) possesses unique body plans and predatory behaviors.
  • Understanding their evolutionary history is key to insect genetic and phenotypic evolution.
  • Limited mitogenome annotations exist for Odonata, hindering evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To sequence and analyze complete mitogenomes from nine Odonata species.
  • To investigate codon usage patterns across 31 Odonata mitogenomes.
  • To elucidate the evolutionary characteristics and pressures shaping Odonata mitogenomes.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of nine Odonata species.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of 31 Odonata mitogenomes.
  • Comparative analysis of codon usage bias and selection pressures.

Main Results:

  • A weak, AT-biased codon usage was observed across Odonata mitogenomes.
  • Damselflies displayed weaker codon usage bias compared to dragonflies.
  • Purifying selection was identified as the dominant evolutionary force, with higher pressure in dragonflies.

Conclusions:

  • Both directional mutation and purifying selection influence Odonata mitogenomes, with selection being dominant.
  • Dragonflies may possess more efficient mitochondrial gene expression than damselflies.
  • This efficiency likely supports the enhanced locomotion and predatory capabilities of dragonflies.