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Nutritional requirements of the aged
1Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|January 1, 1988
Summary
As the population ages, nutritional risks increase for seniors, particularly concerning calcium, iron, and vitamin A. Addressing these needs requires personalized dietary guidance for optimal health in older adults.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
Background:
- The global population is aging, with a significant increase in individuals aged 65 and older.
- Nutritional challenges in the elderly stem from physiological changes, socioeconomic factors, and medical treatments.
- While many older adults are healthy, nutritional needs and care requirements increase with age.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the nutritional status and risks in the aging population.
- To identify specific nutrient deficiencies prevalent among the elderly.
- To provide guidelines for addressing age-related nutritional concerns.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of national nutritional surveys, including the National Food Consumption Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (I and II).
- Evaluation of nutrient intake data against Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA).
- Interpretation of existing assessment and intervention efforts for elderly nutrition.
Main Results:
- Mean nutrient intake is generally adequate, but significant deficiencies exist in calcium and iron for elderly females.
- Over 30% of the elderly population risk deficiencies in calories, calcium, and vitamin A.
- More than 20% are at risk for inadequate iron and vitamin C intake.
Conclusions:
- A substantial portion of the elderly population is at nutritional risk, necessitating targeted interventions.
- Individualized dietary recommendations are crucial, avoiding generalizations about calorie needs.
- Emphasis on high-quality protein, complex carbohydrates, and reduced dietary fat is recommended for improved health outcomes in older adults.