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Necrotizing Enterocolitis and the Preterm Infant Microbiome.

Jillian R Baranowski1, Erika C Claud2

  • 1Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preterm infants

Keywords:
Gastrointestinal microbiomeNecrotizing enterocolitisPreterm birthProbioticsVery low birth weight infant

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal microbiome research
  • Gut microbiome and infant health
  • Microbiome-targeted therapies

Background:

  • Preterm infants exhibit distinct gut bacterial colonization patterns compared to term infants.
  • Factors influencing infant gut microbiota include maternal factors, delivery mode, feeding, and NICU environment.
  • Gut dysbiosis in neonates is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a severe intestinal condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the gut microbiome in preterm infant health.
  • To evaluate the potential of microbiome modulation for preventing and treating NEC.
  • To investigate alternative and complementary strategies for optimizing the preterm infant microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on preterm infant gut microbiome.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to dysbiosis in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
  • Examination of probiotic efficacy and safety in preterm neonates.

Main Results:

  • Probiotic administration shows potential in reducing NEC incidence but carries risks for preterm infants.
  • The immature immune systems of preterm infants necessitate caution with bacterial interventions.
  • Further research is needed on the long-term impacts of probiotics in this population.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating the preterm infant gut microbiome is a promising therapeutic avenue for NEC.
  • Direct probiotic use requires careful consideration due to potential risks in vulnerable infants.
  • Exploring other interventions like breastfeeding, prebiotics, and maternal microbiome targeting is crucial.