Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

4.8K
Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
4.8K
Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane01:11

Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane

2.4K
Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as 14-3-3 protein and the Hsp70 chaperones that keep these precursors in an unfolded state until their translocation.
Two models describe the mechanism of precursor recognition and entry across the outer membrane through the TOC complex. Model 1 suggests the newly synthesized precursor binds to the TOC receptor 159 and forms a complex.
2.4K
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

18.9K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
18.9K
Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

1.1K
The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
1.1K
Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

81.0K
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
81.0K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

21.5K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
21.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Role of Oral Pathobionts' Outer Membrane Vesicles in Cancer Pathology and Therapeutic Development.

Cells·2026
Same author

SypC: A symbiont morphogen packaged in bacterial vesicles.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Shiga toxin increases intestinal transit to displace resident microbes and facilitate pathogen colonization.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

Lipidated SNAPP-Stars Target and Kill Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria within Minutes.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Multi-disciplinary approaches paving the way for clinically effective peptide vaccines for cancer.

NPJ vaccines·2025
Same author

One-Step Synthesis of Antimicrobial Polypeptide-Selenium Nanoparticles Exhibiting Broad-Spectrum Efficacy against Bacteria and Fungi with Superior Resistance Prevention.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
08:34

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Published on: February 22, 2017

11.9K

Outer Membrane Vesicle-Host Cell Interactions.

Jessica D Cecil1,2, Natalie Sirisaengtaksin3,2, Neil M O'Brien-Simpson1

  • 1Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.

Microbiology Spectrum
|January 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are bacterial nanoparticles that deliver virulence factors. These vesicles play key roles in host-microbe interactions, affecting biofilm formation and host cell functions.

More Related Videos

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

Published on: March 31, 2021

5.2K
Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification
10:21

Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification

Published on: November 16, 2016

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
08:34

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Published on: February 22, 2017

11.9K
Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

Published on: March 31, 2021

5.2K
Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification
10:21

Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification

Published on: November 16, 2016

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial pathogenesis
  • Host-microbe interactions

Background:

  • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoparticles released by Gram-negative bacteria.
  • OMVs are involved in bacterial communication and virulence.
  • Their role in host-microbe interactions is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse roles of OMVs in host-microbe interactions.
  • To highlight OMV cargo and their functions.
  • To examine OMV interactions in the oral and gastrointestinal tracts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on OMVs.
  • Analysis of OMV composition and cargo.
  • Discussion of OMV-mediated effects on host cells.

Main Results:

  • OMVs transport various molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
  • Virulence factors like adhesins and toxins are often enriched in OMVs.
  • OMVs contribute to biofilm formation, nutrient acquisition, and host cell modulation.

Conclusions:

  • OMVs are significant mediators of host-microbe interactions.
  • Their diverse cargoes enable various functions during infection.
  • Further research into OMV functions in specific body sites is warranted.