Various exercise intensities differentially regulate GAP-43 and CAP-1 expression in the rat hippocampus
Masoud Rahmati1, Abdolreza Kazemi2
1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
Gene
|January 26, 2019
Summary
Mild exercise intensity, slightly above the lactate threshold, optimally enhances hippocampal neuroplasticity by increasing GAP-43. High and low intensities negatively impact neuroplasticity markers.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Exercise Physiology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Exercise intensity influences neuroplasticity.
- Corticosterone and lactate levels are linked to neuroplasticity.
- The impact of exercise intensity-dependent biochemical changes on hippocampal growth cone markers is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of different endurance exercise intensities on hippocampal growth cone markers (GAP-43 and CAP-1).
- To determine the optimal exercise intensity for promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity.
- To elucidate the roles of corticosterone and lactate in exercise-induced neuroplasticity changes.
Main Methods:
- Adult male Wistar rats underwent six weeks of treadmill training at three different intensities: mild exercise intensity (MEI), high exercise intensity (HEI), and low exercise intensity (LEI).
- Expression levels of Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43) and Cytosolic Activating Protein 1 (CAP-1) in the hippocampus were analyzed.
- Blood lactate and corticosterone levels were measured to correlate with exercise intensity and marker expression.
Main Results:
- Mild exercise intensity (MEI), with lactate production slightly above the lactate threshold (LT), significantly elevated GAP-43 expression without altering CAP-1.
- High exercise intensity (HEI) resulted in the highest corticosterone and lactate levels, decreasing GAP-43 and increasing CAP-1 expression.
- Low exercise intensity (LEI) showed similar negative expression patterns for GAP-43 and CAP-1 as HEI, despite lower corticosterone levels.
Conclusions:
- Mild exercise intensity (MEI) above the lactate threshold is optimal for enhancing hippocampal neuroplasticity, indicated by increased GAP-43.
- High-intensity exercise negatively impacts neuroplasticity markers, with both corticosterone and lactate contributing.
- Low-intensity exercise's negative effects on neuroplasticity appear primarily driven by lactate levels.
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