Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
Published on: January 11, 2016
Recovered bone flap tilting after encephalo-myo-synangiosis: A complication
Bing Qin1, Lin Wang1, Liansheng Gao1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of ⁎Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical data concerning the loosening and tilting of the recovered bone flap after encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) and explore the potential underlying mechanisms.
Patients And Methods:
Clinical data of all patients who underwent an EMS procedure from January 1, 2014 to April 30, 2018 at our hospital were collected. The cases with postoperative tilting of the recovered bone flap were identified and the clinical characteristics of the patients involved were analyzed.
Results:
There were totally 204 patients who underwent EMS, among whom 12 patients (Male/Female = 6/6) experienced tilting of the recovered bone flap after craniotomy. The average age was 44.3 years. The average height of the tilt was 8.3 ± 3.1 mm. The shortest time for the bone flap to tilt to a height of 5 mm was found to be one day after surgery and the longest was up to 7 months. In cases in which maximum height was observed in a short duration after surgery, the average time for the tilted bone flap to reach the maximum height was 6.1 ± 3.6 days. In addition, a second craniotomy on the opposite side might be an important factor, and three cases were noted with second surgeries (Cases 2, 7, and 9).
Conclusion:
Recovered bone flap tilting after EMS should be listed as a complication after roofing of the temporal muscle. This complication may be related to the temporal muscle edema, the increase of intracranial pressure and no bandage compression.
Related Concept Videos
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications
Classification of Asthma
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

