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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Isomerism in Complexes
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Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators
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MEMS Actuators for Optical Microendoscopy.

Zhen Qiu1, Wibool Piyawattanametha2,3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. qiuzhen@egr.msu.edu.

Micromachines
|January 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication offers a path to miniaturize optical microendoscopes, enabling high-resolution imaging in compact devices. This technology addresses manufacturing challenges for affordable, portable, and reliable endoscopic imaging solutions.

Keywords:
MEMS actuatorsconfocalfluorescencemicroendoscopyphotoacousticscannertwo-photonwide-filed imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Increasing demand for affordable, portable, and reliable optical microendoscopic imaging devices.
  • Challenges in manufacturing and packaging integrating microscopic components into miniaturized subsystems.
  • Need for advanced fabrication methods to accommodate more functional parts in smaller spaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators for optical microendoscopy.
  • To highlight how MEMS fabrication addresses miniaturization challenges in optical microendoscopy.
  • To discuss the potential of MEMS in enabling novel, high-performance microendoscopic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research and development in MEMS fabrication for optical components.
  • Analysis of MEMS actuator technologies applicable to microendoscopy.
  • Discussion of batch fabrication methods and integration of optical functionalities.

Main Results:

  • MEMS fabrication enables batch production with high precision for optical components.
  • Integration of diverse optical functionalities is achievable using MEMS technology.
  • MEMS-based optical microendoscopy offers high-resolution and high-performance imaging capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • MEMS fabrication technology is crucial for miniaturizing optical microendoscopy.
  • It facilitates the development of advanced, accessible, and high-performance microendoscopic imaging devices.
  • Continued advancements in MEMS actuators promise further innovation in the field.